Figure 1.
Bizarrely, we have found that the best way of recycling the heat is to run the heat engine at a temperature cooler than the laboratory air.
[It took the guy in the photograph below 40 years to feel at ease with the strange concept of a cold heat engine. No wonder his hair is grey!]
When the Latent Power Turbine is switched on, his hands become chilled because the system cools when it generates electricity.
HEAT FROM HIS BODY is flowing into the Latent Power Turbine and converted into electricity.
In contrast, if he had been touching a car engine or power station turbine casing, he would have received a nasty burn as heat flowed into his hands.
Figure 2.
Q. How do you make a heat engine run cold?
A. The working fluid for our heat engine is dry air at atmospheric pressure. We use a fan to keep the air moving through a wide pipe (conduit) at low speed. Then we taper the conduit so that the air is forced to move faster and gain kinetic energy.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can change from one form to another.
In this case, the air cools below laboratory air temperature to offset the gain in kinetic energy.
It then suffers a further drop in temperature to offset the energy output as electricity.
Figure 3.
The tapered section always forces the heat engine to run at a lower temperature than the surrounding environment. This means that LP Turbines have the potential to extract heat from their environment for use as fuel anywhere on the planet, from the equator to the poles. In cool damp environments such as the UK in winter, there could be icing problems. Fortunately, Queens University Belfast (and others) are are developing surface coatings that should prevent icing up.
Latent Power Turbines have to consume some electricity to operate the fan, but the commercial product will be capable of generating a net output of power by converting heat into electricity. The following diagram explains the principles involved.
Figure 4.
The formula linking electric power input and output is discussed on our technical theory page.
Current state of research
All of our funding to date has been spent on building the test rig. This meant that the turbine rotor had to be improvised using a set of air conditioning fan blades working in reverse. This crude arrangement was adequate for demonstrating that the temperature and pressure changes around the system were in line with our expectations. But the blades were entirely the wrong shape to generate a useful power output.
The following sketches indicate the change in turbine rotor shape that we are likely to make:
Figure 5.
We are currently seeking additional funding to design a bespoke set of turbine blades and install an improved turbo-generator inside our test rig.
Please contact us if you would like to become involved.
Likely commercial LP Turbine designs
(i) Large commercial LP Turbines could take the form of a daisy chain of alternate turbo-generators and fans.
The turbines will include two or more sets of counter-rotating rotors.
Plan view
Figure 6.
This is one of the daisy chain loops described in our patent literature. Note the use of parallel sided conduits.
LP Turbines are self correcting. If insufficient heat flows in from the environment to offset the electricity generated, the working fluid will cool. This increases the temperature gradient between the interior and exterior of the conduit, increasing the rate of heat flow.
Small scale LP Turbines
For domestic and small business purposes, the following plenum chamber design will be more compact.
Figure 7.
We envisage that the small (approx. 12 kW) Latent Power Turbine for domestic and small business use will be completely different in shape to our research prototype. But the scientific principles that underpin the design will be the same.
Basic models would include a cranking handle or starter rope, similar to that used on outboard motors, to start the fan moving. Other options for getting the air flowing include installing a lead-acid battery and starter motor unit, as used for car engines.
Estimating a retail price
Mechanically and electrically, this design will be no more complex than a domestic washing machine.
The construction materials required will probably be equivalent to those required for two washing machines, suggesting an estimated retail price of about £600.
[For comparison, the average UK annual electricity bill is £592.]
Benefits for humanity
Our plan is to grant low cost manufacturing licenses to any number of companies worldwide. [Subject to respecting sanctions supported by the UK government.]
The simplicity of LP Turbine design means that most countries will be able to meet their own power requirements while creating manufacturing jobs locally.
A shift to LP Turbines for power generation would provide a great stimulus to the world economy, in addition to making a significant contribution to fighting global warming.
Finding out more
1 Details of the many ways in which LP Turbines could change our society
3 Using Latent Power Turbines to solve our water shortage problems
4 Using Latent Power Turbines to defeat terrorism
- More detailed technical information is provided on this page.
- A philosophical 'Black swan' interpretation of Latent Power Turbines
We welcome international research collaborators.
Our linked pages provide plenty of research ideas from undergraduate work to post-doctorate research.
If you want to discuss this, please contact us.
Acknowledgements
Innovate UK (A British government agency) funded our early research at Lancaster University. We then went on to win £98,400 additional Innovate UK funding to test our deigns on a larger scale. The larger rig, as illustrated on this page, was built for us by C-Tech Innovation Ltd.